Atlantis Dubai--under water suites

Sleep with the fishes! Inside Dubai's luxury underwater suites that come with private butlers and panoramic views into an aquarium filled with 65,000 sea creature

Two underwater suites at Atlantis, The Palm boast floor-to-ceiling views directly into a massive aquarium.

Underwater railway line

China unveils plans to Build an 8,000-Mile High-Speed Underwater Railway Line to America:

It sounds like an April Fool’s joke, but from what we can tell, the Chinese government is completely serious about their latest high speed rail project. According to multiple news outlets, China plans to build an 8,000+ mile railroad (sounds plausible) connecting China, Russia, Canada, and the U.S. that includes a 125 mile undersea tunnel spanning the Bering Strait! The plan was announced in China’s state-run newspaper, the Beijing times, and apparently Russia is already on-board with the plan. While it would be nice to travel from China to America in two days without setting foot in a single airport, engineers around the globe are skeptical.

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introduction of underwater construction

Underwater Construction Techniques:

1. Caissons
2. Cofferdams
3. Underwater Concreting

Placement methods

1. Tremie  
2. Pump method
3. Toggle bags
4. Bag works

In recent times, a new method of caissons : Pneumatic caissons has evolved and has changed the future of underwater constructing drastically.

Pneumatic caissons are sunk into the sea floor and have pressurized air pumped in from the surface. These watertight retaining structures structures allow us to build at great depths and enormous pressure levels. Used for work on bridge piers, dams, and ship repairs, this innovative yet dangerous technique helped to create the Ends Bridge piers in St. Louis. This was the first bridge to use pneumatic caissons in pier construction and these are still some of the deepest caissons ever sunk. The Eads Bridge was completed in 1874 and these caissons inspired John Roeblings’ work on the Brooklyn Bridge, which was completed nearly a decade later.

Suction Dredgers is another one such technique that has evolved with the times to make underwater construction a paradise.

Sometimes known simply as dredges, these are machines or vessels that move material from a body of water using a tube and suction method. Various dredging methods exist, but when it comes to breaking up gravel and bedrock, the best are CSDs or cutter-suction dredges, which use cutting tools at the suction inlet. Other types of dredges use grabbing methods such as the clamshell, and some use dragging techniques to move the earth. The amount of uses for this machine make it the Swiss Army knife of underwater construction techniques. Land reclamation, seabed mining, and flood prevention are just a few projects that put dredges to use.

Immersed tube tunnels are another type of structures used in underwater construction.

Composed of separate elements, the underwater tunnel’s parts are sunk in place then assembled beneath the water. Pieces are prefabricated and often sealed so they can float to the location and then link together. Because of the speed at which they can be joined, this technique became the most cost effective and efficient way to create underwater highways and train rails ever since the Michigan Central Railway Tunnel ran one under the Detroit River in 1910. They do come with maintenance issues, especially at their joints which need extra waterproofing and constant attention.

OffShore Oil Drilling is one of the most complex and influential construction projects on earth. 

Deep sea oil drilling happens at depths of as much as 8,000 feet thanks to technical advances that boggle the mind. Compared to the first submerged oil drilling off of freshwater platforms in the late nineteenth century, today’s deep sea oil drilling looks like something from outer space.

Ten types of platform and rig systems exist, including some that float and those that are fully submersible. It can take two years just to assemble the platform and rig even with new technologies being implemented at every phase. But once in place these machines become steel mountains of industrial science. Routine techniques in use today include 3-D seismic imaging, horizontal drilling, and enhanced oil recovery processes that bring 5 to 75% more crude oil from an oil field. With so many uses for crude oil these massive projects affect everyone on the planet.

Commercial divers must be multi-faceted in their training, and are required to perform under extreme and inhospitable conditions.

An integral skill for any commercial diver is to have a firm understanding of the principles of underwater construction and how this type of construction is utilized.

For instance, divers are often employed to weld on underwater structures - including pipelines, dams, bridge piers, and retaining walls - and the diver must be knowledgeable about the underwater construction techniques and tools which contribute to the creation and maintenance of these underwater structures.

Oftentimes, commercial divers will employ a variety of specialty tools such as underwater saws, torches, and welding rods, to repair and maintain a variety of underwater structures such as the ones listed above.

As with traditional construction done above water, safety is a top priority in marine construction. Divers must communicate closely with topside on the status of the task at hand so that both parties can operate efficiently and safely.

Underwater inspection is also a vital component to underwater construction. Divers must be able to survey the condition of existing structures and relay this information to topside. Divers are often outfitted with underwater cameras to provide valuable information which can be analyzed after the inspection has been completed. Remotely controlled submersible vessels may also be used to inspect structures when circumstances call for such measures to be taken.

Underwater construction is utilized by the US Navy, city and state governments, as well as private diving companies to carry out a variety of tasks pertaining to underwater infrastructure. Whether it be construction or repair, chances are commercial divers will be the ones to help carry out the task at hand.

Many of the sculptures represent how humans interact with their surroundings.  Some are satirical (“The Banker” features men in suits literally burying their heads in the sand, inspired by lead artist Jason Desire Taylor’s visit to a climate change conference). 

The project began in 2009 as an effort to protect the endangered natural coral reefs from inexperienced divers who were causing damage.  Featuring over 500 original sculptures at varying depths, it can only be explored by either snorkeling, scuba diving – or, for those who prefer to keep their feet dry, glass bottomed boat.  Visibility underwater is excellent in this area, the water is idyllically clear.

under water musuem

pictures

under water restaurant in india

The vegetarian restaurant opened on February 1. It’s built 20 feet underground and has 32 seat capacity. The aquarium is created using 160,000 liters of water and the restaurant has a total area of 3,000 square feet. Average lunch/dinner price per person is around $15.
There were two problems. There was a problem with the circulation that made the water inside the aquarium sandy making it difficult for the fishes to be seen. Besides, there was an unexpected rush of people and calls for bookings throughout the day,” 

vardo tunnel

In 1982 the vardo tunnel was connected to the mainland by  norway  first underwater tunnel , nearly two mlies along.

                           

longest tunnel in the world

Tunnels are some of  the most amazing  displays of engineering .they handle traffic in efficient ways and are laid sometimes  through mountains and even water to meet the needs of highways and roads.

 LONGEST UNDERWATER TUNNEL IN THE WORLD :


THAMES TUNNEL (0.4)KM
   




The Thames Tunnel is the oldest underwater tunnel in the world and opened back in 1843. People came from across the globe to witness the Thames Tunnel, because it was the first tunnel to be built under a navigable river through the use of tunneling shield technology, which was new at the time. Located under the Thames River in London, United Kingdom; the Thames Tunnel connects the cities of Wapping and Rotherhithe. Although it was originally built for the purpose of horse-drawn carriages, today it forms a significant part of the London Overground railway network.

Construction of Tunnels under water

Technology has as advanced a lot in fast moving world . Today underwater tunnels are often created with humongous tunnel boring machines (tbm) sometimes these are called as moles. These machine cost millions of dollars, but they can create large tunnels in a very short time.

Engineers are always coming up with new ideas .Based upon on experimental rocking methods , tomorrow's under water tunnels are  might be built with the help of high water pressure belts , lasers and ultrasonic sound machines.

Tremie Method

Construction Procedure

Under Water Construction

UNDER WATER CONSTRUCTION
           
A variety of commercial diving  services such as : steel cutting,welding fabrication, chlorine line repairs and installations , travelling screen repair and installations , inspections and recommendations , pump repairs and more .